[Though I don't agree with some of this, here it is.]
Part IX: Talismans and Masters of the Name
To Embrace Hebrew Roots: Part IX
Talismans & Masters of the Name
1 Timothy 4:1-2:
"Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times
some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing
spirits, and doctrines of devils; Speaking lies in
hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron."
[Scan from "Enroute to Global Occupation by Gary Kah, p. 94;
Helena Patrovna Blavatsky, co-Mason and co-founder of the
Theosophical Society (which was arguably spawned by Masonry)
said, "The Kabalah is indeed of the essence of Masonry," as
noted by Ankerburg & Weldon in "The Secret Teachings of the
Masonic Lodge", page 237. She is but one of the many famous
and influencial Freemasons who attest that Cabalism, if not
the very essence of Freemasonry, remains in any case one of
the most significant founts of speculative Freemasonry.]
Definitions
To help us understand clearly whether we are indeed seeing
in the Hebrew Roots Movement and Kabbalah the techniques of
magic, sorcery, witchcraft and so on, we need to understand
what matters constitute those practices. This writer has no
wish to present various occult practices in detail. There
has been much already in these articles, for those who are
believers, that has been difficult to look upon.
As stated previously, according to S. L. McGregor Mathers in
the "Introduction to the Kabbalah Unveiled":
"The Qabalah is usually classed under four headings:
The practical Qabalah.
The literal Qabalah.
The unwritten Qabalah.
The dogmatic Qabalah.
"The practical Qabalah deals with talismanic and ceremonial
magic…" 1.
Nesta Webster cites 17 th century Cabalist and English
Rosicrucian, Robert Fludd, who defined the various forms of
magic.
"In dealing with the question of Magic it is necessary to
realize that although to the world in general the word is
synonymous with necromancy, it does not bear this
significance in the language of occultism, particularly the
occultism of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Magic
at this date was a term employed to cover many branches of
investigation which Robert Fludd, the English Rosucrucian,
classified under various headings, of which the first three
are as follows: (1) "Natural magic ,…that most occult and
secret department of physics by which the mystical
properties of natural substances are extracted"; (2)
Mathematical Magic , which enables adepts in the art to
"construct marvellous machines by means of their geometrical
knowledge"; whilst (3) Venefic Magic "is familiar, with
potions, philitre, and with various preparations of
poisons."1" 2.
"…all these have passed into the realms of science and are
no longer regarded as magical arts; but the further
categories enumerated by Fludd and comprised under the
general heading of Necromantic Magic retain the popular
sense of the term. These are described as (1) Goetic , which
consists in "diabolical commerce with unclean spirits, in
rites of criminal curiosity, in illicit songs and
invocations, and in the evocation of the souls of the dead";
(2)
Maleficent , which is the adjuration of the devils by the
virtue of Divine Names; and (3 ) Theurgic , purporting "to
be governed by good angels and the Divine Will, but its
wonders are most frequently performed by evil spirits, who
assume the names of God and of angels." (4) "The last
species of magic is the Thaumaturgic , begetting illusory
phenomena; by this art the Magi produced their phantoms and
other marvels." To this list might be added Celestial Magic
, or knowledge dealing with the influence of the heavenly
bodies, on which astrology is based." 3.
David Conway states in "Ritual Magic", that there are many
manuscripts related to the esoteric teachings referred to in
the Talmud and more importantly the writings of Kabbalah.
Most involved in "traditional" kabbalah, believe the
teachings to be divinely inspired:
"Besides The Zohar, the other chief book of the Kabbalists
"the Sefer Yetsirah, or Book of Creation...is thought to
date from the 6th century....Another important work is the
Sefer-hab-Bahir, or Book of Bahir, which was probably
written in the 6th century by Isaac the Blind. Supporters of
the Kabbalah insist, however, that it can be nothing less
than divinely inspired ." 4.
The chief book of the Kabbalah, the Sepher Yetzirah (Book of
Creation) is considered to be older than the Talmud, simply
"…by the fact that in the Talmud the Rabbis are described as
studying it for magical purposes…" 5.
As stated previously, it is believed by various Jewish
leaders, that only those who have full understanding of
Jewish sacred teachings would or should be taught the
Kabbalah. It is suggested that Sages in the past have taken
great pains to protect the teachings from the uninitiated
and those of other faiths.
Today we see that certain books are considered necessary for
initiation into Kabbalah. Dr Philip Berg, founder of The
Kabbalah Learning Center, is considered to be a radical by
"traditional kabbalists." Berg, whose influence is growing,
includes such titles as "Inner Space" by Aryeh Kaplan, which
he states is "a must read." Kaplan's works are also highly
recommended by traditional Kabbalists. Next, Berg recommends
the works, "Practical Guide to Qabalistic Symbolism" Vols. I
& II, and "The Square", which compare and expand on the
eastern disciplines of Yoga, and then the proper paths of
the "Tree of Life." Listed as well is "The True and
Invisible Rosicrucian Order", which presents the Rosicrucian
system of initiation and the methods for understanding
mystical and holy texts through Gematria. Added to that is
the book, "The Tarot", which is a deep analysis of the "Tree
of Life" including descriptions of the Tarot keys and their
relationships to those paths. 6.
Dr. Berg lists as Reference Books, The Holy Bible, with this
disclaimer:
"Both Kabbalists and Qabalists will require The Torah,
Qabalists will need Gospels, as well, as Jesus was both a
Rabbi and a Master Kabbalalist. I can not not suggest a
particular version, as they are all filled with error. You
will have to fight the deception, yourself. You may wish to
avail yourself of a good Jewish Linear Torah." 7.
Dr Berg also lists the "Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of
Creation" by Aryeh Kaplan and "The Zohar", as do traditional
Kabbalists, who would also recommend Jewish prayer books. It
should be noted that Aryeh Kaplan is repeatedly used as a
source in Peter Michas' book "The Rod of An Almond Tree In
God's Master Plan."
Various Jewish, secular, Kabbalist or other sources would
say that Jesus Christ our Lord was a Kabbalist or a member
of the Essenes, who are considered by some to have been
Master Kabbalists of the highest order. There are teachings
that suggest that Jesus handed down a secret oral tradition
and that is why some Qabbalists willingly disseminate a
perversion of the Gospels with their occult doctrine. We
know that Jesus held no "secret" oral traditions that were
passed on to an elect few.
John 18:20-21
"Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever
taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews
always resort; and in secret have I said nothing. Why askest
thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto
them: behold, they know what I said."
Rituals and Shofars
1 Corinthians 3:20-21
"And again, The Lord knoweth the thoughts of the wise, that
they are vain. Therefore let no man glory in men. For all
things are yours;"
The Kabbalist attitude towards most rituals is governed by
four fundamental principles, which are applied with many
variants. Gershom Scholem states these principles to be:
Harmony between the rigid powers of judgment and the flowing
powers of mercy.
The sacred marriage, or
conjunctio of the masculine and feminine.
Redemption of the
Shekhinah from its entanglement in the 'other side.'
Defense against, or mastery over, the powers of the 'other
side' " 8.
"The blowing of the
shofar on New Year's Day, for example, is explicitly
associated with the first and fourth purposes. The rituals
of the great festivals and particularly the Sabbath are
related to the sacred marriage. Often a single ritual
represents the whole sefirotic world in all its aspects." 9.
Scholem states that Kabbalists went to great extremes to
anchor all their actions and expression into a sacred
ritual. From the "Shema Yisrael" to the sabbath and feasts,
"the Kabbalists strove from the very first to anchor the
ritual of Rabbinical Judaism in myth by means of a mystical
practice ." [emphasis in original] 10.
The mainstreaming of many of these rituals is reflected in
the "revival" that is sweeping worldwide. It is becoming
matter of course for many groups, from Messsianic and HR, to
the Pope's mass, for example, to blow a shofar. Some use it
to proclaim victory over the enemy, or as in the case of
Promise Keepers at Stand in the Gap, to bring in the "Spirit
of God" as announced in the PK promotional for the 1997
Sacred Assembly in Washington, DC:
"...But before the day begins, a large instrumental call to
worship will kick off the assembly. "At sacred assemblies in
Scripture, often it would say, 'Blow the trumpet,' Schlafer
said. "In the Old Testament, the shofar (a ram's-horn
trumpet) was blown prior to battles to signify the army of
God. Our host people, the Native Americans, blew flute, and
other people groups used trumpets. So, we will use numerous
instruments to invoke the Spirit of God to consecrate the
event." he said, "As we blow the horns to start the program,
we will be announcing the arrival of royalty, the Lord of
Lords and King of Kings." 11.
We know that in the Old Testament the Israelites blew the
shofar by direct command of God, and in obedience to Him. To
'invoke' the presence of any spirit by the blowing of an
instrument is called shammanism. There are no connections
between the Old Testament blowing of the shofar and the
idolatrous practice of invoking a spirit, upon which
Spiritualists of old and the Promise Keepers were calling.
Since the Holy Spirit indwells each Christian, "announcing"
the arrival of the Lord in these settings is not Biblically
sound. According to the Word of God, the 'arrival' of the
King of Kings and Lord of Lords, will take place like this:
Revelations 1:7
"Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him,
and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the
earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen. "
The Jewish belief in blowing of the Shofar is discovered to
be for various reasons and in this case is referring to that
"awesome day". An article distributed by the Jerusalem
Reclamation Project provides understanding of this modern
belief. The blowing of the Shofar signifies "the Divine
speaking from within him" and is the "catalyst which frees
his soul from its bonds."
"The Shofar signals both the birth and the future of the
Nation of Israel. In the words of the prophet Isaiah, "You
revealed Yourself to Your holy people in the cloud of Your
glory in order to speak to them, You revealed yourself to
them in thunder and lightning, and You appeared to them
through the sound of the Shofar." (as quoted in Shmona Esrei
Musaf of Rosh Hashana.) [Note: this reference of the prophet
Isaiah is unable to be correlated in the book of Isaiah]
"…. Rabbi Elchanan, the sainted author of the "Netana Tokef"
prayer of Musaf: "A great Shofar blast shall sound, and a
small still voice will be heard." If a great Shofar is
blown, how can the sound be of a small still voice? And why?
The answer is that on that awesome day, man hears an inner
voice, the voice of his soul, the Divine speaking from
within him. The Shofar blast is the catalyst which frees his
soul from its bonds and allows man to listen to it, "And a
small still voice will be heard." 12.
Talismans and Incantations
Isaiah 44:24-25:
"Thus saith the Lord, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee
from the womb, I am the Lord that maketh all things; that
stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad
the earth by myself; That frustrateth the tokens of the
liars, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men
backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish."
The sages viewed the written Torah as having magical
meanings, which they obtained using gematria.
"…In the practical Cabala this method of "decoding" is
reduced to a theurgic or magical system in which the healing
of diseases plays an important part and is effected by means
of the mystical arrangements of numbers and letters, by the
pronunciation of the Ineffable Name, by the use of amulets
and talismans, or by compounds supposed to contain certain
so-called occult properties. " 13.
Davila in "Ancient Magic" reveals historical evidence of the
Jewish occult practices, including the magic use of amulets
for such things as exorcism, domination of others and
protection from demons.
"…from roughly the fourth to seventh centuries, come the
Jewish Aramaic incantation bowls (along with Syriac and
Mandaic bowls), found in Iraq and Iran... These bowls
contain inscribed spells, usually in a spiral inside the
bowl, mostly having to do with
protection from demons and other nuisances…. From roughly
the same time period come Jewish amulets inscribed on metal
(usually lead, copper, or silver) in Aramaic. These have
been found mostly in Syria-Palestine and Asia
Minor…published thirty-two of them in their two volumes of
magical texts. The purposes of these amulets are typical and
include healing, exorcism, domination of others, protection
of pregnant women , etc…" 14.
Incantations are used in order to accomplish the "magic"
associated with invoking the "Name of God." The dictionary
definition of incantation is: "a set of words spoken as a
magic charm or to cast a magic spell…sorcery…chant a magic
formula against…" 15.
If we turn to practicing Kabbalists we see that
incantations, talismans and amulets are used and still play
a significant role in their rituals. Colin Low in his
'Kabbalah Faq' explains that a combination of the signing of
the cross (like Catholic sign), the pentagram and certain
incantations are also part of certain rituals. 16.
Star of David
The Star of David plays an important role in kabbalism and
the occult. The misuse of it as the symbol of something
positive for Israel, Hebrew Roots and Messianic groups needs
to be corrected. There never was a star symbol connected to
the reign of David. This symbol is very ancient and was
always called by various other names and always in
connection to the occult. Hitler--who was heavily involved
in theosophy-- used this occultic symbol to shame the Jewish
people.
The double triangle is the symbol for the "chakras of
Hinduism" and corresponding sefiroth of Kabbalists and also,
for witchcraft, sorcery and magicians. It is also referred
to as the "male/female triangle", the Crest or Seal of
Solomon, the Shield of David, and the hexagram, which is the
most wicked symbol in witchcraft. 17.
Dr. Cathy Burns relates that the hexagram is linked with
spiritualism in such matters as consulting the dead,
reincarnation, the calling up of demons and in some sorcery,
is viewed as the footprint of certain demons. The list of
its applications includes the Hindu gods and goddesses and
many others. 18.
Kabbalists throughout history have also adopted it as the
symbol for the Talisman of Saturn and involves the worship
of the god Remphan, which is referred to in the Bible (Acts
7:37-43). It is also referred to in Scripture as the star of
Molech (Amos 5:26-27) -- an abomination to God. Solomon
became involved in this paganism and built an altar to
Molech. An occult source presents a complete history of the
Talisman of Saturn or Remphan and its connection to
Kabbalists at:
http://id.mind.net/~wolfc/library/magic/talismans/talisman.htm
Please note also the connection of the Star of David and the
mark of the beast, Talismans and astrology. One man, a
believer in Christ and of Hebrew descent, said this
regarding the occult connections of the Star of David in
those articles:
"... Your expose' on the six pointed star again clearly
reveals the true nature of this abomination. I asked some
leading rabbis in Israel about it, and they confessed that
it was not a traditional seal of Israel and its origin was
only sketchy at best. We also talked a bit about the
Kaballah; with my staunch denunciation of it. Israel is in
bondage under that abominable sign and even the sincere
don't realize it, and worse even the saved!!
"I had a real uneasiness about it and purged any sign of it
from the house a couple of years ago. My wife had a fit, and
thought I was crazy for listening to a former Illuminist
witch who swore the magen David was extremely evil. I
followed my convictions, and your site sealed it for me
tonight. I had not realized its direct link to the star of
Egypt, and now I know!!" 19.
The Star of David symbol also has sexual significance for
occult practices. In the book "Masonic and Occult Symbols"
by Dr. Cathy Burns we read:
"…Phallicism is symbolized in witchcraft as a point with an
circle and also as the unity of two triangles making a
hexagram. These are represented in the Washington Monument
and the Star of David. The Mexican Indians used the hexagram
as a symbol of their phallic worship. For 300 years the Star
of David or Hexagram was known as the "Crest of Solomon." It
is used to conjure up demons and is the most evil sign in
witchcraft. It means "to hex" or to put a spell on someone."
"When the male triangle penetrates the female triangle, it
forms the six-pointed crest of the Seal of Solomon or
hexagram, the most wicked symbol in witchcraft". 20.
It should be noted that the Promise Keepers Sacred Assembly
was held before the Washington Monument, an obelisk which is
a phallic symbol built by the Freemasons.
Further connections become apparent as stated by the Masonic
J.D. Buck, who explains that the Star of David and
"six-pointed star" or hexagram symbol of the House of
Theosophy are identical to the compass of Freemasonry.
"The perfect equilibrium of spirit and matter is symbolized
by the six-pointed star, which is again only another form of
the Square and Compass, each having a base-line from which
to form a triangle." 21.
Pagan symbolism has infiltrated many denominations that fly
the banner of Christianity and as a matter of historical
fact, this writer presents the following argument against
symbols. If we believe the Bible is the true Word of God--we
must start with what God said. In Deuteronomy 4:14-19; 23;
7:25-26, God reminds us to avoid anything connected with
false gods, images, idolatry or necromancy. Certainly many
other verses referring to witchcraft, sorcery and astrology
are listed as abominations to God.
We are to have nothing to do with promoting or embracing any
symbolism that is associated with that wickedness. This was
not written for the Jews of the Old Testament only, but must
also apply now. There is nothing that man can create, that
may become an emblem or symbol of God.
Acts 17:29
"Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not
to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or
stone, graven by art and man's devices."
It is no surprise that many Christians have inadvertently
adopted occult symbolism who should never have done so. We
find that many religious groups use crosses such as the
squared red (and other colors) cross, which was the symbol
for the Knights Templar and other occult groups. Many wear
jewelry, which, according to Cathy Burns, has its origins in
the occult and was worn generally for protection as cited
above or other similar ideas. From gemstones and
birthstones, which are based on the occult, to cross
necklaces, pendants and nativity charms, to the star of
David, we see Christians adopt paganism that is forbidden to
all. 22.
Isaiah 42:8
"I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not
give to another, neither my praise to graven images."
The physical symbol of the cross, often with a crown, and in
various forms has also been used as an occult symbol.
"...In Gaul we find the cross to have been a solar symbol
when it had equal arms and angles; to the Phoenicians it was
an instrument of sacrifice to their god, Baal; and to the
Egyptians, the crux ansata was his symbol of eternal life…"
23.
We need no symbolism. We have Jesus Christ and the Word of
God as a daily reminder. We are to abstain from even the
appearance of evil.
1 Thessalonians 5:21-22
"Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. Abstain
from all appearance of evil."
Kabbalah Hexagrams Today
Deuteronomy 18:10-12
"There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his
son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth
divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter , or a
witch, Or
a charmer , or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a
wizard, or a necromancer. For all that do these things are
an abomination to the Lord."
While the information presented has spoken of historical
manuscripts and clearly Kabbalist websites, the question
must be answered as to whether talismans, amulets,
incantations and other occult practices are being further
mainstreamed, in Jewish culture and adapted for use by
Messianic or Hebrew Roots organizations. From the Spring
1999, "THE SOURCE FOR EVERYTHING JEWISH catalogue, we see
some of the items which reflect today's interest in these
practices.
Filigree Hand Amulet Pendant. "Hamsa amulet is said to offer
protection from the "evil eye." [An inquiry re: Hamsa, --a
customer was told by the Jewish salesperson that the
protection wasn't guaranteed but she wears several to keep
evil away and, "they only work if you believe in them" &
"… it's the same deal with Christians who wear crosses." ]
Celestial Star Pendant
[a star of David necklace]
Three Symbols Amulet Pendant - "Hamsa (the Arabic word for
"five") -- symbolizing the protective hand of the Almighty
-- holds Magen David [Star of David] and Chai (the Hebrew
word for "life") "
"The Haggadah of Passover with Pop-up Spreads": "Adapted
from the
Bird's Head Haggadah, dating back to 13th century Germany.
That historic manuscript was known for its illustrations
showing the Hebrews with Birds' heads." 24
In the book section of this current catalogue, under the
heading of "Meditation & Healing," we find the promotion
of meditation techniques and many "New Age" concepts:
"Sterling "Healing Hand" Pendant : " The symbol originated
in ancient India and represents the henna patterns of India
and Africa. Energy radiates out from the central symbol-- in
this case, a Star of David -- which sends healing energy
where it is needed most."
"Everyday Kabbalah, A Personal Guide To Jewish Meditation,
Healing and Personal Growth ." by Melinda Ribner.
Step-by-step manual integrating the spiritual teaching and
meditation lessons of the Musar, Hasidic and Kabbalistic
schools.
"Meditation--From The Heart of Judaism" "Edited by Avram
Davis. In their own words,
22 masters of meditation- - rabbis, scholars, psychologists,
teachers-- explain both the "how" and the "why" of their
techniques."
"Minding The Temple of the Soul" by : " Tamar Frankel and
Judy Greenfield. Tap the power of the Jewish tradition to
awaken the body, balance the mind, and connect the soul.
Simple exercises and movements, meditations and
visualizations …"
"Star of David Harmony Bell": "Since its creation in ancient
times, the chiming sphere has served as a meditative device
effective in reducing stress. Listening to its melodious
sound while holding the metal sphere in the palm of your
hand is a truly soothing experience."
"Satin Finish Sterling Protective Amulets" : "…protection
against the "evil-eye." "Guard Us" Pendant Hebrew
calligraphy translates as-- "GUARD US FROM ALL EVIL, FROM
ALL FEAR AND FROM ALL ILLNESS."
"Sterling El-Shaddai Amulet Pendant": "Mystical object is
meant to offer protection to the wearer. " SHADDAI-- one of
the names of the Almighty-- appears in many Kabbalistic
formulas."
"Hebrew-English Ruby Amulet Rings" : "14k gold and sterling
silver with ruby gemstone. According to Kabbalah, the ruby
offers the wearer special protection from the "evil eye,"
preserves health of body and soul, guards in pregnancy and
childbirth, and protects from bad dreams..
"Guard Us" Ring Heb-Eng engraving-- "GUARD US FROM ALL EVIL,
FROM ALL FEAR AND FROM ALL ILLNESS" 25.
The question that must be asked is: Why are Hebrew Roots,
Messianic and many other "religious" organizations using the
hexagram as the symbol for their logo, often with a book,
presumably a Bible or Talmud, laid open upon it, or
portrayed with other Hebrew figures or symbols within it?
How many will continue to do so, even if warned? How many in
HR leadership are sporting such articles as hexagram
pendants or amulets and rings for the very purposes listed
above. These things are not sold for any other purposes, but
those listed in the Jewish Catalogue.
Modern Dissemination of Magic
Although rejected by many "traditional Kabbalists", Dr.
Philip S. Berg, mentioned above, is significant in today's
dissemination of Kabbalah teachings to the general public.
From the CHRISTIAN NEWS, of Monday, February 1, 1999 we read
that Dr. Berg's influence through the Kabbalah learning
Center is widespread:
1)The Kabbalah Learning Center (KLC) has attracted national
attention for its celebrity studded events and participation
(including the singer Madonna and comedienne Roseanne). But
increasingly the organization is the center of attention and
criticism for its effort to rework traditional Jewish
Mysticism for modern Jewish and non-Jewish seekers.
Anti-cultists and Jewish watchdog group "Jews for Judaism"
have claimed that the KLC engages in unethical behavior.
KLC's founder Rabbi Phillip Berg is alleged to have advised
members to pay the group large sums of money and divorce
their spouses under his "divine" direction. The KLC is also
partaking in the current millennial fervor: Berg teaches the
world's end might arrive on September 11,1999. If, however,
mankind takes to "sharing" more and studying kabbalistic
texts, the species may be spared." (Source: FactNet
Newsletter, October/December; Sunday NewYork Times Magazine,
December 27). Religion Watch, P.O. Box 652, North Bellmore,
N.Y. 11710)"
Isaac B. Singer, author of, "Great Mysteries of the Cabala,"
(which is being promoted for Grade six children through the
Jr. Great Books program) has also been mentioned. A brief
Review and some quotes from, A DAY OF PLEASURE: STORIES OF A
BOY GROWING UP IN WARSAW, allows some insights into the
upbringing of this Kabbalist author.
"… The Singers were Hasidic Jews. Singer's mother's father
was the Rabbi of Bilgoray, near Lublin (Poland) His mother
cut her hair short and wore a wig (matron's wig) as do the
other married women of the Hassidim. (they still do) As a
child, he studied the Talmud for his schoolbooks and was
taught mostly religion. His father sat throughout the day
studying the Talmud. In his home, his father had a
rabbinical court. Isaac was taught that if the Jews
conducted themselves piously, the Messiah would come and
they would all return to Israel. Theodore Herzl (Zionist)
died the year Singer was born. Herzl preached that Jews must
not wait for the coming of the Messiah but should start to
build Palestine by themselves. (the land belonged then to
the Turks) There were revolutionaries on his street who
wanted to get rid of the Tsar of Russia (Communists). His
father would tell stories about miracles performed by
rabbis; of ghosts, devils and imps. "In this way he wanted
to strengthen our belief in God and in the good and evil
powers who reign in the world." "In our home there was
always talk about spirits of the dead that possess the
bodies of the living, souls reincarnated as animals, houses
inhabited by hobgoblins, cellars haunted by demons." "One
day, when I was about eight, he[father] told us a story
found in one of the holy books - by Rabbi Eliyahu Graidiker
- [adept kabbalist] or one of the other Graidiker sages. The
story was about a girl possessed by four demons. They could
be seen crawling around in her intestines, blowing up her
belly - slithering into her legs...The Rabbi of Graidik had
exorcized the evil spirits with the blowing of the ram's
horn, with incantations, and the incense of magic herbs."
…His mother took him to be blessed against the evil
eye…Singer boasts that, "Not only could I read a page of the
Talmud by myself, I kept trying my father's volumes of the
Cabala, still without understanding much" [at age 10] His
friend Mendel was, "richer than any Rothschild." He told a
friend, "I know the Cabala...I can recite a spell and fly up
in the air...There is one spell that if you utter it..."
"Neighbors...spit to ward off the evil eye" "The Talmud says
it is wrong to consider David a sinner..." "The world is
full of transmigrant souls..." 26.
The secret gnostic doctrines of Kabbalah are perversions of
the true doctrines of Scripture, of which, "…they that are
unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other
scriptures, unto their own destruction." (II Pet. 3:16)
We know that God does not contradict Himself. When God said
to not be involved in sorcery, magic, astrology and
paganism, because they were an abomination to Him, this
writer believes He meant it.
Galatians 5:19-21
"Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these;
Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness,
Idolatry, witchcraft, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions,
heresies, Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and
such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also
told you in time past, that they which do such things shall
not inherit the kingdom of God."
The Tetragrammaton
Isaiah 26:4
"Trust ye in the Lord for ever: for in the Lord Jehovah is
everlasting strength:"
Much of the interpretation and mystical practices of the
oral Torah are related to the Name of God. The
Tetragrammaton or Schem Hamphorasch refers to what
Kabbalists and many Orthodox Jews call the Ineffable Name.
The four-lettered name of God, in Hebrew is, "yod, he, vau,
he", or in English capitals YHVH, although some occult
sources say it's IHVH. Others also state that the YHVH is
"yood, hey, vood, hey." According to various writings, the
true ancient pronunciation is now unknown since it has been
believed that the Name was too sacred to be written or
pronounced by the profane. In reading the sacred writings,
the term 'Adonai' was substituted for that reason. That
teaching is also why Hebrew Roots and Messianic adherents
write God as "G-d."
We read in Exodus 33:19 and then 34:5-6
"And the Lord descended in the cloud, and stood with him
there, and proclaimed the name of the Lord. And the Lord
passed by before him, and proclaimed, The Lord, The Lord
God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in
goodness and truth."
And in the New Testament: Philippians 2:10 -11
"That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things
in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;
And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is
Lord, to the glory of God the Father."
Quoting various sources, Nesta Webster states that the
'real' Name of God was hidden from the people for the
reasons stated above.
"…The Tetragrammaton might only be uttered once a year on
the Day of Atonement by the High Priest in the Holy of
Holies amid the sound of trumpets and cymbals, which
prevented the people from hearing it. It is said that in
consequence of the people thus refraining from its
utterance, the true pronunciation of the name was at last
lost. The Jews further believed that the Tetragrammaton was
possessed by unbounded powers. "He who pronounces it shakes
heaven and earth and inspires the very angels with
astonishment and terror."2. "The Ineffable Name thus
conferred miraculous gifts; it was engraved on the rod of
Moses and enabled him to perform wonders, just as, according
to the Toledut Yeshu, it conferred the same powers on
Christ…" 27.
From other information, we know that the sages, who promoted
this belief, were mystics, many of whom also believed the
entire Torah was the Name of God. Through gematria
permutations and other practices, "72 names of God" could
also be discovered. The Divine or Ineffable Name is believed
to be known only by those adepts that qualify for that
secret initiation and knowledge and these are believed to
become endowed with "magical powers" by uttering or writing
it.
Freemason, Albert Mackey, associated the Ineffable Name of
God with the point within the circle or the male/female
princilple, as quoted in Cathy Burns' HIDDEN SECRETS OF
FREEMASONRY:
"The Ineffable Name of God in Hebrew, being read
Cabalistically, included within itself the male and female
principle, the generative and prolific energy of creation;
and here we have, again, the widely-spread equivalent, the
point within the circle, and another pregnant proof of the
connection between Freemasonry and the ancient Mysteries."
28.
Cathy Burns again quotes Albert Mackey, who refers to the
male/female aspect of God as represented by the
Tetragrammaton:
"[The Tetragrammaton]...is supposed to denote the
hermaphroditic essence of Jehovah as containing within
himself the male and female principle." 29.
From articles such as, Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism, we
learn of legends in the Talmud and Zohar about rabbis who
uttered or wrote the Tetragrammaton and thereby "created an
artificial man." There are also Talmudic and Kabbalist
stories of rabbis creating animals for food and other such
legends by use of the "Name".
"The Talmud and other sources ascribe supernatural
activities to many great rabbis. Some rabbis pronounced a
name of G-d and ascended into heaven to consult with the G-d
and the angels on issues of great public concern. One
scholar is said to have created an artificial man [Golem] by
reciting various names of G-d. Much later stories tell of a
rabbi who created a man out of clay and brought it to life
by putting in its mouth a piece of paper with a name of G-d
on it. However, this area of Kabbalah is known by very few,
and practiced by even fewer." 30.
Many sources claim that these "golem" did not have a real
soul, because that would be unacceptable—to create what only
God is able to do. These acts were considered permissible
and are not considered to be the same as those involved in
Black magic, although no explanation is given as to the
difference. Some suggest it simply showed the adept's
ability to be close to God's wisdom and creative ability.
These sages are considered to be Holy men and above
reproach. Others state that these 'creations' were a form of
initiation and proved the adepts knowledge of the Name and
other issues.
Gershom Scholem suggests that while many created the "golem"
from the earth, others were able to produce the "creature"
by "influx of the alphabet"--out of thin air. Many stories
recount that the "golem" was made to "work" or accompany the
adept, although few "golem" are reported to have the ability
of "speech". Polish stories particularly focus on the
'golem' as a mute worker who was able to follow commands.
According to Scholem (p.172), it was this parallel in Jewish
golem and alchemy that finally led to Paracelsus' idea of
the "homunculus." These wax or clay figures were employed in
back magic to inflict injury on enemies.
Behind the preoccupation of modern science with cloning lies
the Kabbalistic art of alchemy for eugenics purposes.
Progress in this occult science is now being realised with
the cloning of the first human embryo at the Rosslin
Institute, which is near the site of the Rosslyn Chapel in
Scotland, the holiest shrine of the Knights Templars.
According to the Toledot Yeshu and similar writings, the
miracles of Christ are a reflection of His possession of
this same "mastery" over the Name, no different than any
other "adept."
Masters of the Name
Isaiah 47:10
"For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness: thou hast said,
None seeth me. Thy wisdom and thy knowledge, it hath
perverted thee; and thou hast said in thine heart, I am, and
none else beside me."
Historical records reveal many Jewish adepts who made an
impact on their peers by their magical abilities, although
many orthodox Jews rejected their feats as charlatanism.
However, their magical abilities were also the impetus for
various movements which divided the Jews over whether the
particular adept was indeed the long awaited Messiah.
These adepts were called Masters of the Name or Baal Shems.
The term, "Baal Shem means that the person was regarded as
expert in the 'practical kabbalah' or magic. 'Baal Shem
means literally one who is master of the name of God, who
knows how to employ it." 31.
Citing from "The Harmsworth Encyclopœdia" and the "Diary of
Samuel Pepys", Webster recounts the origins of the term
"Master of the Name".
"Since the sixteenth century the great mass of Jewry had
settled in Poland, and a succession of miracle- workers
known by the name of Zaddikim or Ba'al Shems had arisen. The
latter word, which signifies " Master of the Name,"
originated with the German Polish Jews and was derived from
the Cabalistic belief in the miraculous use of the sacred
name of Jehovah, known as the Tetragrammaton."
"According to Cabalistic traditions, certain Jews of
peculiar sanctity or knowledge were able with impunity to
make use of the Divine Name. A Ba'al Shem was therefore one
who had acquired this power and employed it in writing
amulets, invoking spirits, and prescribing cures for various
diseases. Poland and particularly Podolia---which had not
yet been ceded to Russia---became thus a centre of Cabalism
where a series of extraordinary movements of a mystical kind
followed each other. In 1666, when the Messianic era was
still believed to be approaching, the whole Jewish world was
convulsed by the sudden appearance of Shabbethai Zebi , the
son of a poulterer in Smyrna named Mordecai, who proclaimed
himself the promised Messiah and rallied to his support a
huge following not only amongst the Jews of Palestine,
Egypt, and Eastern Europe, but even the hard-headed Jews of
the Continental bourses. 1. Samuel Pepys in his Diary refers
to the bets made amongst the Jews in London on the chances
of " a certain person now in Smyrna, " being acclaimed King
of the World and the true Messiah. 2 " 32.
Just as the Dalai Lama is said to exude an exquisite perfume
or odor, so too are Baal Shems noted. Shabbethai dared to
proclaim himself to be God. From the Jewish Encyclopœdia,
article on Shabbethai Zebi, we learn of his fate.
"… Shabbethai, who was an expert Cabalist and had the
temerity to utter the Ineffable Name Jehovah, was said to be
possessed of marvelous powers, his skin exuded exquisite
perfume, he indulged perpetually in sea-bathing and lived in
a state of chronic ecstasy. The pretensions of Shabbethai ,
who took the title of " King of the Kings of the Earth ,"
split Jewry in two; many Rabbi's launched imprecations
against him and those who had believed in him were bitterly
disillusioned when, challenged by the Sultan to prove his
claim to be the Messiah by allowing poisoned arrows to be
shot at him, he suddenly renounced the Jewish faith and
proclaimed himself a Mohammedan. His conversion, however,
appeared to be only partial, for "at times he would assume
the role of the pious Mohammedan and revile Judaism; at
others he would enter into relations with Jews as one of
their own faith. "3 By this means the he retained the
allegiance both of Moslems and of the Jews. But the Rabbis,
alarmed for the cause of Judaism, succeeded in obtaining his
incarceration by the Sultan in a castle near Belgrade, where
he died of colic in 1676." 1." 33.
Isaiah 47: 12-14
"Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude
of thy counsels. Let now the astrologers, the stargazers,
the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save thee from
these things that shall come upon thee. Behold, they shall
be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not
deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall
not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it."
Baal Shem Tov
It should be noted that historically, while there had been
great dissension over the Kabbalah, when the Spanish
Kabbalist, Nahmanides, proclaimed his support and taught it,
most open protests eventually ceased. Nesta Webster recounts
how Baal Shems continued to appear, one of the most notable
being Baal Shem Tob:
"… This prosaic ending to the career of the Messiah
[Shabbethai] did not, however, altogether extinguish the
enthusiasm of his followers, and Shabbethan movement
continued into the next century. In Poland Cabalism broke
out with renewed energy; fresh Zaddikim and Ba'al Shems
arose, the most noted of these men, Israel of Podolia, known
as Ba'al Shem Tob, or by the initial letters of his name,
Besht, who founded his sect of Hasidism in 1740.
Besht, whilst opposing bigoted Rabbinism and claiming the
Zohar as his inspiration, did not, however, adhere strictly
to the doctrine of the Cabala that the universe was an
emanation of God, but evolved a form of Pantheism, declaring
that the whole universe was God, that even evil exists in
God since evil is not bad in itself but only in its relation
to Man; sin therefore has no positive existence. 2. As a
result the followers of Besht, calling themselves the " New
Saints," and at his death numbering no less than 40,000,
…3…" 34
We find Baal Shem Tov listed with Hillel, Shammai,
Maimonides, Rashi and others who are considered the great
sages or mystics of Judaism. Theirs is the ancient wisdom
that encompasses the oral traditions, which many are turning
to in the Hebrew Roots Movement.
Gershom Scholem also references Baal Shem Tov as the founder
of the Polish Hasidic movement and relates that a "spirit
guide" taught him:
"Israel Baal Shem, founder of the Hasidic movement in Poland
and Russia." On another page, " Israel Ba'al Shem is the
most celebrated of all the Jewish mystics of recent
centuries"--the founder of Polish Hasidism." "...he had no
teacher of flesh and blood to guide him on his way---the
only spiritual guide he ever alluded to was the Prophet
Ahijah of Shiloh, with whom he was in constant spiritual and
visionary contact. In short he was a pure lay mystic..." 35.
Not only was Baal Shem Tov more than an adept peasant, but a
scholar of the Talmud and Kabbalah. Tzvi Freeman relates the
struggle for acceptance of Kabbalah and how eventually
adepts like Baal Shem Tov became famous today.
"There was a time when mysticism was considered irrational,
bizarre, archaic and certainly not for the respectable,
modern gentleman to be caught dead in. "Emancipated" and
"Enlightened" Jews, therefore, denounced the Kaballa. They
called the Zohar the "Book of Lies". They created a myth
that the Kaballa was the creation of a lunatic fringe and
was entirely grown from alien roots. They even went so far
as to claim that Jews had never believed in Mystical union
with the Ein Sof, reincarnation, life after death,
meditation, etc., etc… The Baal Shem Tov and the chassidic
movement was a big thorn in the side of these politically
correct Jews. Too mystical. Too far off the edge. And much
too popular…"
"At first they tried to deny the Baal Shem Tov had ever
existed…" 36.
Freeman declares that Kabbalah is central to Judaism thought
and that for the past 600 years most rabbinic scholars have
openly taught its doctrine. He states that the sages of the
Talmud were indeed mystics of Kabbalist meaning, not merely
scholars, as some would have us believe.
"…Kaballa is as central to Judaism as the sun is to the
solar system, as a heart is to a body, as Human Liberty is
to America…"
"The sages of the Talmud were mystics, as is clear from many
of the tales told therein. Since the time of the Ramban
(Nachmanides) almost every classic Jewish scholar has openly
espoused the teachings of the Kaballa…."
"Every classic attempt to explain Judaism in depth has
resorted to mystical terms. Every such attempt over the last
600 or so years has resorted to the language of Kaballa."
"The Baal Shem Tov was a student of the Kaballa of Rabbi
Yitzchaak Luria, the "Arizal" -- as were so many of his
contemporary scholars. It amazes me how so many authors
could have imagined even for a moment that the teacher of so
many great scholars -- such as Rabbis Yoseph Polnoye, Dov
Ber of Mezritch, Levi Yitzchaak of Berdichev and others --
could have been any less a scholar himself." 37.
Freeman also affirms that there was a group of scholars of
the Talmud and Kaballah, who hid their identities and their
true purpose.
"He [Baal Shem Tov] was involved from his early youth with a
society of "hidden tzaddikim" who were scholars of Talmud
and Kaballa and travelled about incognito in an effort to
resurrect the Jewish life of Eastern Europe that was still
licking its wounds from the tragic pogroms of 1648-49…" 38.
The Jewish Encyclopœdia and many other sources, recount that
there were many other Baal Shem's or Masters of the Name.
Many had followers that used their magical abilities to
advantage.
"Another Ba'al Shem of the same period was Heilprin, alias
Joel Ben Uri of Satanov, who, like Israel of Podolia,
professed to perform miracles by the use of the Divine Name
and collected around him many pupils, who, on the death of
their master, " formed a band of charlatans and shamelessly
exploited the credulity of their contemporaries. "4 " 39.
Chief of all the Jews
One of the most famous and important to this discussion of
Baal Shems, is one who resided in London. The famous "Ba'al
Shem of London," was a Cabalist Jew named Hayyim Samuel
Jacob Falk, also called Dr.Falk, Falc, de falk, or Falkon
and who was born in 1708, probably in Podolia. Falk was
known as " the Chief of all the Jews." His fellow Jews
regarded him as an adherent of the "Messiah" Shabbethai
Zebi. 40a.
The following is a summary of an account of the "Baal Shem
of London" from the Jewish Encyclopœdia, as sited by Nesta
Webster.
"…Falk claimed to possess thaumaturgic powers and to be able
to discover hidden treasure, Archenholz (England und Italien
I, 249) recounts certain marvels which he had seen performed
by Falk in Brunswick and which he attributes to a special
knowledge of chemistry. In Westphalia at one time Falk was
sentenced to be burned as a sorcerer, but escaped to
England. Here he was received with hospitality and rapidly
gained fame as a Cabalist and worker of miracles…an
incantation would fill his cellar with coal; plate left with
pawnbroker would glide back into his house. When a fire
threatened to destroy the Great Synagogue, he averted the
disaster by writing four Hebrew letters on the pillars of
the door…" [Obviously the Tetragrammaton]" 40b.
Falk died April 17, 1782 with the following epitaph on his
grave, which:
"…bears witness to his excellence and orthodoxy": "Here is
interred…the aged and honourable man, a great personage who
came from the East, an accomplished Sage, an adept in
Cabbalah…His name was known to the ends of the earth and
distant isles,…" 41.
There is a portrait of Falk in the Jewish Encyclopœdia, of
which Nesta Webster makes these observations of his use of
the double triangle:
"…in the curious portrait of the great Ba'al Shem appended
we see him holding in his hand the pair of compasses, and
before him, on the table at which he is seated, the double
triangle or Seal of Solomon known amongst the Jews as "the
Shield of David", which forms an important emblem in
masonry…" 42.
We know that the Shield of David is none other than the
Hexagram, and have already established some of its use
within Freemasonry above.
We must ask the question as to how a Cabalist adept, a
Master of the Name or Baal Shem, is also known as a
Freemason, with known connections to the Illuminati. We must
ask, Is there solid historical evidence that unites not only
the Kabbala and Freemasonry, but also the Illuminati? Do the
mystery religions of the East play the uniting role? Through
this, will we discover why the teachings or wisdom of the
ancients, which clearly comes from documented Kabbalist and
occult sources, is being promoted by Hebrew Roots and
associated groups, unknowingly or otherwise?
Secret Meanings
Isaiah 45:19
"I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth:
I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the
Lord speak righteousness, I declare things that are right."
Throughout this series, there have been many quotes from
Kabalistic sources which state that the term Qabbalah,
Kabbalah, cabala or its many variations means, "to receive."
The suggested Hebrew term used is QBLH, which is said to
refer to the custom of handing down the esoteric tradition
by oral transmission and is nearly allied to "tradition". We
know that Kabbalah is about a secret doctrine restricted to
adepts and their initiates, which is passed down through the
ages. Certain information is being publicly
disseminated--but much remains hidden.
Strong's Concordance reveals that the term 'qabal' does
mean, "to receive" among other things. It is a Chaldean word
and it is noteworthy that the Jewish Encyclopœdia article on
Cabala associates the term with miracle working cults:
"… All these ideas derived from very ancient cults; even the
act of working miracles by the use of the Divine Name, which
after the appropriation of the Cabala by the Jews became the
particular practice of Jewish miracle workers, appears to
have originated in Chaldea. " 43
Babylon and Chaldea were both judged by God for their
corruption and paganism. Of further note, is the fact that
the term "Cabal" has been assimilated into the English
language. A dictionary definition states:
Cabal (ke bal).n. v. -balled,-bal-ling---n. a small group of
people working or plotting in secret. 2. A secret scheme of
such a group; plot. v. form such a group; conspire;
[<F> Med.L. cabbala See:CABALA ] ---Syn.n. 1. Faction,
junto, conspiracy. (junto means-a political faction; a group
of plotters…") 44
Cabala… n. a secret religious philosophy of the Jewish
rabbis, based on a mystical interpretation of
Scriptures…<Hebrew qabbalah tradition] 45.
If we turn to Strong's Concordance and look at the Chaldean
spelling of "cabal", with a "c" rather than qabal, we see an
interesting correlation to the first dictionary definition.
2254 - Chabal---khaw-bal; a prim. root; to wind tightly (as
a rope) i.e. to bind; spec. by a pledge; fig. to pervert,
destroy; als. to writhe in pain (espec. of
parturition)…bring forth (deal) corrupt, destroy, offend,
lay to (take a) pledge, spoil, travail, x very, withhold.
2255 --chabal (Chald) khab-al; corresp to 2254; to
ruin--destroy, hurt.
2256 chebel , kheh-bel; or;
chebel (khay-bel) from 2254--a rope (as twisted) espec., a
measuring line; by impl. a district or inheritance (as
measured) or a noose (as of chords) fig. a company (as if
tied together) also a throe (espec. of parturition) also
ruin…
2257 chabal (Chald), khab-al; from 2255; harm (personal or
pecuniary):-damage.
Kabbalah, Freemasonry and the Illuminati are built on secret
and layered meanings, symbolism, initiation and other occult
teachings. Is it possible that the various definitions could
be applied to each? As we look to history the secret
societies of adepts, which have brought many into bondage
through initiation into theosophy, must be considered.
Sadly, even with the evidence already presented in these
articles, many will reject any notion that these connections
relate to their various groups. For the sake of the others
who will be instructed, the following sections will examine
the further connections and roots of the Hebrew Roots
movement.
Psalm 119:1-2
"Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law
of the Lord. Blessed are they that keep his testimonies, and
that seek him with the whole heart."
Footnotes
S. L. McGregor Mathers, Introduction to the Kabbalah
Unveiled;
www.webvs.com/hogd/kabalah_unveiled.html
A.E. Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians, p. 293. As
cited in Nesta Webster, op.cit. p. 84.
Ibid.
David Conway, Ritual Magic;
http://marlowe.wimsey.com/rshand/streams/thera/canaan.html
Nesta H. Webster, op.cit., p. 8
Books on Qabalah; www.webcom.com/hermit/page/book.htm
Ibid.
Gershom Scholem, "On The Kabbalah And Its Symbolism ," p.130
, Schocken Books, 1965/1996
Ibid.
Ibid. p. 130, 131, p. 132
Promise Keepers News October 1997 Article:"Stand in the Gap:
What Can I Expect?"
'The Shofar' by Rav Shlomo Aviner Ateret Cohanim; The
Jerusalem Reclamation Project; Translated from 'Tal Chermon'
by Bracha Slae.;
ateret@ateret.jer1.co.il;
http://www.ateret.jer1.co.il
Webster, op. cit., p. 13
J.Davila; Ancient Magic, Part III, Jewish Magic;
www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_sd/magic.html )]
The Senior Dictionary; W.J.Gage Limited, Toronto
Colin Low; Kabbalah Faq; February 1996;
www.digital-brilliance.com/Kab/index.htm
Dr. Cathy Burns, Masonic and Occult Symbols Illustrated; p.
31-41; Sharing; 1998,
Ibid.
Private Email--used with permission by the correspondent.
Wed. February 24/99
Dr. C. Burns, p. 39; Masonic and Occult Symbols
Mystic Masonry, 1913, p. 244-45; As cited Burns, op.cit., p.
215;
Burns, op.cit., p. 293-310; p.349,350, 351, p.312
Burns, op. cit, p.349
"THE SOURCE FOR EVERYTHING JEWISH catalogue (Early Spring
1999) Herschel I. Strauss President, Hamakor Judaica, Inc.,
also:
http://www.jewishsource.com/
Ibid.
Private Review of DAY OF PLEASURE: STORIES OF A BOY GROWING
UP IN WARSAW; Isaac Bashevis Singer. Published by Farrar,
Straus and Giroux of New York 1969
(2) Mackey, Lexicon of Freemasonry, p. 156; as Cited in
Webster op.cit., p.167
Cathy Burns' HIDDEN SECRETS OF FREEMASONRY, p. 309, quoting
Albert Mackey's SYMBOLS OF FREEMASONRY, p. 188:
Ibid. Cathy Burns, p. 309; Mackey, p. 339:
Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism;
http://baptist1.com/judaism/kabbalah.htm >
Gershom Scholem, " On The Kabbalah And Its Symbolism,"
p.200, Schocken Books, 1965/1996
(1)Harmsworth Encyclopaedia, article on Jews. (2) Diary of
Samuel Pepys, date of February 19, 1666.; As Cited Webster
op.cit., p. 181 (3) Jewish Encyclopaedia, article on
Shabbethai Zebi B. Mordecai.
(3)Jewish Encyclopaedia, article on Shabbethai Zebi B.
Mordecai.; (1) Henry Hart Milman, History of the Jews
(Everyman's Library), Vol.II, p. 445; As cited, Webster,
op.cit., p. 181-182
(2)Jewish Encyclopoedia, article on Ba'al Shem Tob (3)
Milman, op.cit.,II. 446; As Cited Webster, op.cit. p.182.
Scholem, op.cit., p.26
Tzvi Freeman, Article:Baal Shem Tov; 1991; Chabad Lubavitch
in Cyberspace;
www.chabad.org/shavuos/besht.html
Ibid.
Ibid.
(4)Jewish Encyclopœdia, article on Heilprin, Joel Ben Uri;
as Cited in Webster, op.oct, p.182.
(40a & 40b) Cited in Webster, op.cit, p.185; (1) Jewish
Encyclopœdia, article on Falk, of whom a good portrait by
Copley is given. On Falk se also Ars Quatuor Coronatorum,
Vol. XXVI. Part I.,pp 98-105, and Vol. XXX. Part II;
Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society, Vol. V.p.
148. Article on "The Ba'al Shem of London," by the Rev. Dr.
H. Adler, Chief Rabbi, and Vol. VIII, "Notes on some
Contemporary References to Dr. Falk, the Ba'al Shem of
London," in the Rainsford MSS. At the British Museum," by
Gordon P. G. Hills. The following pages are taken entirely
from these sources."
Webster, op. cit., p.188
Ibid., p. 189
Jewish Encyclopœdia article on Cabala; as Cited Webster, op.
cit. p. 13
The Senior Dictionary; W.J.Gage Limited, Toronto
Ibid.
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